Finding the right portable Bluetooth speaker involves balancing sound quality, durability, battery life, and portability. The best overall pick in 2026 is the Bose SoundLink Flex, known for its balanced sound and rugged build. For outdoor adventures, the Anker Soundcore 2 offers excellent waterproofing and long battery life at a great value. The main tradeoffs often involve choosing between size and sound performance or durability and portability. Continue reading for a detailed breakdown of the top options and how to pick the perfect speaker for your needs.
Key Takeaways
- Top picks balance sound quality, battery life, and durability, with no single feature dominating all others.
- Waterproof ratings vary, and higher ratings generally mean better protection for outdoor use.
- Features like RGB lights and TWS pairing add versatility but may increase cost or size.
- The best value speakers offer impressive performance without premium price tags, but may lack some advanced features.
- Size and weight are key when portability is a priority, with compact models sacrificing some sound volume.
More Details on Our Top Picks
Portable Bluetooth Speaker, Bluetooth 5.4 Speaker, 30W Dual Speaker, 2.0 Channel, Deep Bass, 30H Playtime, Colorful RGB Lights, IPX7 Waterproof, TWS pairing for Outdoor/Home/Party/Travel, Gift Ideas
This speaker stands out for its high-fidelity 360° stereo sound that creates an immersive experience resembling a live concert. Compared with the Bose SoundLink Flex, it offers longer battery life of over 40 hours and a more powerful 30W output, making it ideal for outdoor gatherings. Its IPX7 waterproof rating and rugged build surpass many competitors, ensuring durability in harsh conditions. The addition of RGB lights and TWS pairing makes it perfect for parties and outdoor adventures. The main tradeoff is its larger size, which may be less convenient for small bags. Still, for users seeking a robust, feature-rich portable speaker, this model delivers excellent value.
Pros:- Immersive 360° high fidelity sound with strong bass
- Over 40 hours of playback on a single charge
- Rugged IPX7 waterproof and durable design
Cons:- Size may be bulky for compact storage
- Higher weight compared to smaller portable speakers
Best for: Active outdoor enthusiasts who want powerful, durable sound with long battery life.
Not ideal for: Small apartment dwellers or travelers needing a compact, lightweight speaker.
- Maximum Output Power:30W
- Battery Life:Over 40 hours
- Waterproof Rating:IPX7
- Bluetooth Version:5.4
- Dimensions:4″D x 1.9″W x 2.5″H
- Connectivity:TWS pairing
Bottom line: This speaker is ideal for users who prioritize ruggedness, long battery life, and immersive sound for outdoor activities.
Bluetooth Speaker with IPX5 Waterproof, 20W HD Sound, TWS Connectivity (Black)
This budget-friendly option offers powerful 20W HD stereo sound with minimal distortion, making it suitable for casual outdoor settings. Unlike the more expensive Bose SoundLink Flex, it sacrifices some battery life and premium features but compensates with IPX5 waterproofing that handles splashes and rain well. Its 24-hour battery life at 50% volume is impressive for its class, and the dynamic light effects add fun to parties. However, the light effects may be too flashy for some users, and its weight of 1.28 lbs could be less portable for extended hikes. Still, it’s a solid choice for those seeking affordable outdoor sound with decent features.
Pros:- Powerful 20W HD sound with minimal distortion
- IPX5 waterproof rating suitable for outdoor splashes
- 24-hour battery life and TWS connectivity
Cons:- Light effects may be too intense for some
- Slightly heavier than some portable options
Best for: Casual outdoor users looking for an affordable, waterproof speaker with long battery life.
Not ideal for: Audiophiles or users seeking premium sound quality and sleek design.
- Power Output:20W
- Water Resistance:IPX5
- Battery Life:24 hours
- Bluetooth Version:5.3
- Dimensions:7.87″ x 2.76″ x 2.81″
- Additional Features:RGB Light Effects
Bottom line: This speaker offers a good balance of sound, waterproofing, and battery life for casual outdoor use at a budget-friendly price.
Anker Soundcore 2 Portable Bluetooth Speaker with IPX7 Waterproof and 24-Hour Playtime
The Anker Soundcore 2 excels with its IPX7 waterproof rating, enabling full water submersion, unlike some IPX5 or IPX6 competitors. Its 24 hours of playtime and fast 3-hour charging make it a reliable companion for long outdoor trips. The dual neodymium drivers and BassUp technology deliver deep bass and clear stereo sound, surpassing basic portable speakers like the JBL Go 3 in sound quality. Its compact design makes it easy to carry, but the plastic build may feel less premium, and it lacks a built-in microphone for calls. Overall, this model is an excellent choice for water-resistant durability and extended outdoor use.
Pros:- IPX7 waterproof for full water submersion
- 24 hours of continuous playtime
- Deep bass with BassUp technology
Cons:- No built-in microphone for hands-free calls
- Plastic/rubberized exterior may feel less premium
Best for: Travelers and outdoor lovers who need a rugged, waterproof speaker with long-lasting battery life.
Not ideal for: Users who prefer a more premium feel or need a microphone for calls.
- Water Resistance:IPX7
- Battery Life:24 Hours
- Bluetooth Version:5.3
- Frequency Response:70 Hz
- Dimensions:8″D x 3″W x 3″H
- Additional Features:BassUp technology
Bottom line: The Soundcore 2 offers outstanding water resistance and long battery life, making it perfect for outdoor adventures and travel.
Bose SoundLink Flex Bluetooth Speaker (2nd Gen) – Twilight Blue
Compared to the Anker Soundcore 2, the Bose SoundLink Flex offers superior audio clarity and deep bass thanks to Bose’s renowned sound engineering. While its 12-hour battery life is shorter than the others, it compensates with PositionIQ technology that adjusts sound based on orientation, and its IP67 waterproof and dustproof durability makes it perfect for outdoor use. Its sleek, compact design is less bulky than some competitors, but the shorter battery life at high volumes limits extended outdoor use. This pick appeals most to audiophiles who want high-quality sound in a rugged, portable package.
Pros:- High-fidelity audio with deep bass
- IP67 waterproof and dustproof durability
- Orientation-aware sound adjustment with PositionIQ
Cons:- Battery lasts only about 12 hours at moderate volume
- Limited color options (only Twilight Blue)
Best for: Indoor and outdoor users who prioritize sound quality and durability over extended battery life.
Not ideal for: Users needing all-day playtime or a variety of colors and features.
- Battery Life:12 hours
- Water Resistance:IP67
- Bluetooth Version:5.3
- Weight:approx. 1 lb
- Additional Features:PositionIQ technology
Bottom line: This Bose model is tailored for those who want premium sound quality and ruggedness in a portable size, despite shorter battery life.
BassBloom Roar 3 Portable Bluetooth Speaker,20W Powerful Sound with JIKE Bass,IPX6 Waterproof,24H Playtime,Bluetooth 5.4,RGB Lights,Wireless TWS Pairing,Outdoor for Camping and Beach (Black)
This speaker is distinguished by its proprietary JIKE Bass algorithm, which significantly boosts low-end frequencies, making it ideal for bass lovers. Its 30W peak power and dual passive radiators deliver a punchy, impactful sound that exceeds many 20W competitors like the JBL Go 3. The IPX6 waterproof rating withstands rain and splashes, and the RGB lights add a lively party atmosphere. The 24-hour playtime and lightweight design make it highly portable, though the low-power mode means lights turn off after a while, and it’s not suitable for full submersion. Overall, this is a powerful, bass-focused choice for outdoor, camping, or beach days.
Pros:- Enhanced bass with JIKE Bass algorithm
- Peak power of 30W with dual passive radiators
- IPX6 waterproof for outdoor use
Cons:- Lights turn off after a period of inactivity
- Not suitable for full water submersion
Best for: Bass enthusiasts and outdoor adventurers seeking a portable, high-impact sound system with long battery life.
Not ideal for: Users who prefer a more neutral or balanced sound profile without boosted bass or who need a rugged, fully submersible device.
- Peak Power:30W
- Waterproof Rating:IPX6
- Battery Life:24 hours
- Bluetooth Version:5.4
- Additional Features:RGB Lights, TWS pairing
Bottom line: Designed for bass lovers and outdoor enthusiasts, this speaker delivers impactful sound and robust waterproofing in a portable package.
Portable Bluetooth Speaker with IPX5 Waterproof, LED Lights & TWS Pairing
This compact, ultra-lightweight speaker delivers 20W peak power with clear audio and punchy bass, making it a solid choice for outdoor adventures. Compared with the JBL FLIP 5, it offers longer battery life—15 hours versus 12—plus beat-synced LED lights that enhance party atmospheres. Its IPX5 waterproof rating handles rain, splashes, and sand, but doesn’t protect against full submersion, which might be a concern for beachgoers. The TWS pairing feature allows stereo sound with two speakers, though the mono audio output means it lacks true stereo in a single unit. Its lightweight build may feel less durable over time. Overall, this pick makes the most sense for users seeking all-day battery life and splash resistance in a portable design.
Pros:- 15-hour battery life for all-day use
- IPX5 waterproof and sand-resistant design
- Beat-syncing LED lights for party ambiance
- TWS pairing for stereo sound with two speakers
Cons:- Mono audio output, not true stereo in a single unit
- IPX5 rating doesn’t protect against full submersion
- Lightweight build may feel less durable
Best for: Active individuals who need a lightweight, splash-resistant speaker for outdoor activities and long listening sessions.
Not ideal for: Frequent swimmers or divers, since the waterproof rating doesn’t support full submersion and durability could be compromised by its lightweight design.
- Audio Output Mode:Mono
- Water Resistance Rating:IPX5 Waterproof
- Battery Life:15 Hours
- Bluetooth Version:5.3
- Weight:0.582 lbs (264g)
- LED Features:Beat-syncing lights
- TWS Pairing Support:Yes
- Bluetooth Range:33 Feet
Bottom line: Ideal for active users prioritizing long battery life and splash resistance for outdoor, on-the-go listening.
Portable Bluetooth Speaker, Powerful Sound Wireless Speaker: Boost Bass, Bluetooth 5.4, 24H Playtime, 8 RGB Modes, IPX7 Waterproof, TWS Pairing, Beach/Vacation Essentials, Gift Ideas（Black）
This outdoor-oriented speaker covers spaces up to 90 m² with room-filling stereo sound, thanks to dual 60mm full-range drivers and advanced DSP processing. Compared with the JBL Go 3, it boasts a longer 24-hour battery life, ideal for all-day outdoor activities. Its IPX7 waterproof rating allows full immersion, making it perfect for beach trips or pool parties, though its somewhat bulkier size might be less convenient for pocket carrying. The TWS stereo pairing feature creates an immersive audio experience, but the more complex controls and larger form factor make it less suitable for quick trips or indoor-only use. If you need robust sound and waterproofing for outdoor adventures, this model offers a compelling mix of power and durability.
Pros:- Loud, room-filling sound up to 90 m²
- IPX7 waterproof for full immersion
- 24-hour battery life
- RGB lighting modes for visual effects
Cons:- Larger and heavier than compact models like JBL Go 3
- Controls can be complex for quick adjustments
- Bulkier design may be less pocket-friendly
Best for: Beach lovers, campers, and outdoor event organizers seeking a powerful, waterproof speaker with extended battery life.
Not ideal for: Users wanting a slim, ultra-portable speaker for indoor or casual daily use, due to its larger size and weight.
- Audio Output Mode:Stereo
- Water Resistance Rating:IPX7 Waterproof
- Battery Life:24 Hours
- Bluetooth Version:5.4
- Power Output:30W
- RGB Modes:8
- Weight:Approx. 1.28 lbs
- Range:30 Meters
Bottom line: Best suited for outdoor enthusiasts needing powerful, waterproof sound with long-lasting battery life.
JBL FLIP 5, Waterproof Portable Bluetooth Speaker, Black, Small
The JBL Flip 5 is a compact, rugged speaker delivering 20W of power with signature JBL sound, making it a favorite for travel and outdoor use. It offers 12 hours of playback, slightly less than the other models but still enough for most day trips. Its IPX7 waterproof rating ensures protection against water and dust, suitable for poolside, beach, or rainy days. Compared to the B0GCM827KY, it is more portable and easier to carry in a bag or pocket, but its smaller size means slightly less bass influence. Its simple, durable design makes it perfect for those who want a reliable, splash-proof speaker without complicated features. This model is ideal for users who need a small, durable speaker for everyday outdoor activities.
Pros:- IPX7 waterproof and dustproof
- Compact and lightweight
- Signature JBL sound with punchy bass
- Long 12-hour battery life
Cons:- Limited bass compared to larger speakers
- No stereo pairing (mono only)
- Small size may limit volume at large gatherings
Best for: Travelers and outdoor adventurers who need a small, durable speaker with good sound and waterproof protection.
Not ideal for: Audiophiles seeking deep bass or high-volume sound, as its size limits sound projection and bass depth.
- Power Output:20 Watts
- Waterproof Level:IPX7
- Battery Life:12 Hours
- Bluetooth Version:5.0 (implied)
- Dimensions:7.1 x 2.7 x 2.9 inches
- Weight:1.2 Pounds
- Range:10 Meters
- Speaker Type:Portable
Bottom line: A highly portable, rugged speaker perfect for outdoor travel and quick outdoor parties.
JBL Go 3 – Portable Mini Bluetooth Speaker, big audio and punchy bass, IP67 waterproof and dustproof, 5 hours of playtime, speaker for home, outdoor and travel (Blue)
The JBL Go 3 offers big sound from a tiny package, with punchy bass and 20W of power. Compared to the Flip 5, it’s significantly smaller—measuring just 7.1 inches in length—and features IP67 waterproof and dustproof ratings, making it suitable for outdoor, casual, and indoor use. Its 5-hour battery life is shorter than larger models but sufficient for short outings or indoor use. The Bluetooth range is about 10 meters, ideal for personal listening. Its small size makes it less suitable for large gatherings or outdoor events lasting several hours, but it excels as a pocketable, durable speaker that can handle daily spills, dust, and splashes. Best for users who prioritize portability and ruggedness over long battery life or volume.
Pros:- Compact size, easily portable
- IP67 waterproof and dustproof
- Big sound with punchy bass for its size
- Affordable and durable
Cons:- Limited 5-hour battery life
- Smaller size restricts volume and bass at large gatherings
- No stereo pairing feature
Best for: Everyday users needing a small, durable, and waterproof speaker for casual outdoor use or quick trips.
Not ideal for: Long outdoor parties or users who want all-day battery life and high volume for large groups.
- Power Output:20 Watts
- Water Resistance Level:IP67
- Battery Life:5 Hours
- Bluetooth Range:10 Meters
- Dimensions:7.1 x 2.7 x 2.9 inches
- Weight:7.36 ounces
- Speaker Type:Mini Portable
- Connectivity:Bluetooth
Bottom line: Perfect for those who want a tough, portable speaker for daily outdoor or indoor use, with limited battery life.
Bluetooth Speaker, 20W HD Sound, Portable Wireless, IPX5 Waterproof, Up to 24H Playtime, TWS, for Home/Party/Outdoor/Camping/Beach Essentials, Birthday Gift for Fathers Day Men Dad Husband (Orange)
This 20W speaker combines good sound quality with a versatile, waterproof design suitable for various environments. Compared to the JBL FLIP 5, it offers comparable power and water resistance, but at a more budget-friendly price point. Its IPX5 rating ensures splash and rain resistance, though it’s not suitable for full submersion. The 24-hour battery life exceeds many competitors, making it a reliable choice for all-day outdoor activities. Its vibrant orange color and built-in microphone add to its appeal, though its sound quality is slightly less refined than premium models like the Bose SoundLink Flex. It’s a well-rounded, affordable option for those seeking decent sound and waterproof protection without extra features or high price.
Pros:- Affordable price point
- Up to 24 hours of playtime
- IPX5 water resistance for splashes and rain
- Vibrant color options
Cons:- Sound quality is less refined compared to higher-end models
- Limited to splash resistance, not full submersion
- Basic controls with no advanced features
Best for: Budget-conscious users seeking a versatile, waterproof speaker for outdoor, beach, or casual indoor use.
Not ideal for: Audiophiles or those wanting premium sound quality or advanced features like RGB lighting or stereo pairing.
- Power Output:20 Watts
- Water Resistance Level:IPX5
- Battery Life:Up to 24 Hours
- Bluetooth Version:5.3
- Range:30 Meters
- Speaker Type:Portable
- Color:Orange
- Warranty:12 months
Bottom line: A cost-effective, versatile waterproof speaker ideal for casual outdoor use and everyday portability.
Portable Bluetooth Speaker with IPX5 Waterproof Rating and LED Light
This compact speaker excels for outdoor use thanks to its IPX5 waterproof rating and long-lasting 24-hour battery at moderate volume, making it a reliable choice for days at the park or poolside. Unlike the JBL Go 3, which offers IP67 protection and dust resistance, this model focuses on water resistance, but its smaller size may limit bass depth, especially compared to larger models like the Bose SoundLink Flex. The inclusion of dynamic LED lighting adds an appealing visual element, perfect for parties or evening gatherings. However, the absence of a USB-C charging cable might inconvenience users, and the battery’s endurance could drop if LED lights are used intensively. This option is ideal for outdoor enthusiasts who want durable, all-day battery life with visual flair, but less suited for audiophiles seeking deep bass or premium feel.
Pros:- IPX5 waterproof rating for outdoor durability
- 24-hour battery life at moderate volume
- TWS pairing enables stereo sound
Cons:- No USB-C charging cable included
- Battery life diminishes with LED use or higher volume
- Limited bass depth due to compact size
Best for: Outdoor lovers who need a rugged, long-lasting speaker with ambient lighting
Not ideal for: Users seeking a premium, high-bass sound experience or full submersion capabilities
- Weight:11.04 oz (0.69 lbs)
- Dimensions:2.02″D x 4.55″W x 3.5″H
- Battery Life:24 hours (at 30% volume)
- Waterproof Rating:IPX5
- Bluetooth Version:5.3
- LED Light:Colorful dynamic lighting
Bottom line: This speaker is best for those who prioritize durability, all-day battery, and visual effects over deep bass or premium materials.
Portable Bluetooth Speaker with IPX5 Waterproof, Dynamic Light Show, and 15W Sound
This speaker offers a strong 15W output, making it one of the more powerful options in this size class, perfect for small gatherings or outdoor adventures. Compared with the JBL Flip 5, which provides similar IPX7 water resistance and 20W power, this model’s slightly lower wattage means it’s not as punchy but still delivers clear highs and punchy bass with zero distortion. The beat-synced LED lights create a lively atmosphere, although they might be too bright for some users seeking a more subdued look. Its lightweight design and 15-hour battery life make it an excellent travel companion, but the plastic enclosure lacks the premium feel of more expensive models, and the IPX5 rating, while good, doesn’t support full submersion like IPX7-rated speakers. This pick is ideal for those wanting powerful sound in a small, portable package with engaging lighting, but not for users who need the absolute best water resistance or premium build quality.
Pros:- Powerful 15W output for size
- 15-hour battery life with fast Type-C charging
- IPX5 waterproof rating suitable for spray and rain
- Dynamic LED lights enhance ambiance
Cons:- Water resistance doesn’t support full submersion
- Plastic enclosure feels less premium
- Bright LED lights may be distracting indoors
Best for: Travelers and outdoor enthusiasts wanting loud, clear sound with dynamic lighting
Not ideal for: Users seeking full water immersion or a more refined, premium build
- Dimensions:2.99 x 4.25 inches (7.6cm x 10.8cm)
- Weight:0.688 lbs (312g)
- Power Output:15W continuous / 20W peak
- Battery Life:15 hours
- Water Resistance:IPX5
- Bluetooth Version:5.3
- Light Feature:Beat-synced LED lights
Bottom line: This speaker caters to users who want high volume and lively lighting in a compact, portable form, with some compromise on water resistance and materials.
How We Picked
I evaluated each speaker based on performance, usability, build quality, battery life, and value. Sound clarity and bass response were primary, along with durability features like waterproof ratings. Ease of pairing and portability also played a significant role, especially for outdoor and travel use. I prioritized models with widespread user reviews and balanced feature sets, ranking them according to how well they meet typical buyer needs for versatility, reliability, and price. This approach helps identify options that excel in real-world scenarios rather than just technical specs.Factors to Consider When Choosing Portable Bluetooth Speakers
Choosing the right portable Bluetooth speaker requires assessing several key factors beyond just sound quality. To get the best experience, consider how waterproofing impacts durability, especially if you’ll use the speaker outdoors or near water. Battery life is another critical element; longer playtimes reduce the need for frequent recharging during trips. Size and weight influence portability—smaller models are easier to carry but may sacrifice sound volume or bass. Additional features like LED lights, TWS pairing, and design aesthetics can enhance usability but often come with tradeoffs in size or cost. Understanding these factors ensures you select a speaker that balances your needs and budget.Sound Quality and Power
Sound quality is the core reason for choosing a portable speaker. Look for models with balanced audio, clear vocals, and sufficient bass. Power output, usually measured in watts, indicates volume potential—higher wattage typically means louder sound, but clarity matters more than just volume. Some speakers emphasize bass with specialized driver setups, which is ideal for outdoor gatherings or parties. Be cautious of overly compact models that may compromise sound quality for portability.Durability and Waterproofing
Durability ratings like IPX5, IPX6, or IP67 indicate how well a speaker withstands water, dust, and shocks. IP67, for example, offers full dust protection and immersion capabilities, making it perfect for swimming pools or beach days. Lower ratings, such as IPX5, resist splashes but might not survive full immersion. Consider your typical environment—outdoor adventures demand higher ratings, while indoor or car use can suffice with lower protection. Remember, higher durability often means a bulkier or more expensive design.Battery Life and Charging
Long battery life is essential for extended outdoor use or travel without frequent recharging. Most modern speakers offer between 8 to 24 hours of playback, but actual performance can vary with volume levels and feature usage like RGB lights. Quick charging features add convenience, reducing downtime between uses. Keep in mind that larger batteries often increase weight, so balance your need for longevity with portability.Size, Weight, and Portability
The ideal portable speaker should be easy to carry, fitting comfortably into bags or even pockets for some models. Compact designs excel for travel or hiking, but may have limited sound output or bass. Larger models often deliver richer sound but sacrifice portability. Consider your typical use case—if you’re commuting or backpacking, smaller is better; for backyard parties, a slightly bigger unit might be worthwhile. Weighing size against sound output is key to finding the right fit.Additional Features and Aesthetics
Extras like RGB lighting, TWS pairing, or voice assistant support can add fun and convenience but may increase cost or size. LED lights can enhance party atmospheres, while TWS pairing allows multiple speakers to sync for stereo sound or larger coverage. Design and color options matter if aesthetics are important, but avoid sacrificing core performance for flashy features. Prioritize features that genuinely improve your usage experience.Frequently Asked Questions
How do waterproof ratings affect real-world use?
Waterproof ratings like IPX5 or IP67 indicate a speaker’s resistance to water and dust. An IPX5 rating can handle splashes and light rain but isn’t suitable for swimming or full immersion. IP67, on the other hand, allows for full immersion in water, making it ideal for beach or poolside use. Understanding these ratings helps prevent accidental damage and ensures the speaker can handle your typical outdoor environment. Keep in mind that waterproofing doesn’t mean the speaker is indestructible—use it within its rated limits for the best longevity.
Is a higher wattage always better for portable speakers?
Not necessarily. Higher wattage typically means louder volume potential, but it doesn’t guarantee better sound quality. Many small speakers with moderate wattage deliver clear, balanced audio suitable for most outdoor settings. Overly high wattage in a compact size can cause distortion at high volumes or drain the battery faster. Focus on overall sound clarity and bass response rather than wattage alone, especially for portable use where battery life and size matter.
What’s the best battery life for a portable Bluetooth speaker?
Ideally, a portable speaker should offer at least 10-12 hours of playtime to cover most outdoor or travel scenarios. Some models go up to 24 hours, which is excellent for all-day use without recharging. Keep in mind that battery life estimates are usually at moderate volume levels; listening at maximum volume will reduce playback time. Longer battery life reduces the need for carrying extra power banks or chargers, making your outdoor experience more seamless.
Should I prioritize waterproofing over sound quality?
Not necessarily. While waterproofing is vital if you’ll be near water or outdoors, it often adds bulk or increases cost. Many high-quality speakers manage to balance both, offering decent waterproofing and excellent sound. If water exposure is a frequent concern, prioritize waterproof features, but don’t compromise on sound quality for durability. Conversely, if indoor or casual outdoor use is your main scenario, you can focus more on sound performance and battery life without needing the highest waterproof rating.
Are LED lights and aesthetic features worth the extra cost?
Features like LED lights can enhance the visual experience during parties or outdoor gatherings, adding fun and ambiance. However, they often consume extra battery power and may increase the size or cost of the speaker. If you value aesthetics and plan to use the speaker mainly for entertainment, these features can be worthwhile. For more practical, everyday use, prioritize core performance factors like sound quality and battery life over lighting effects.
